by Label-free array systems are a type of biosensor technology that can be used to detect and quantify biomolecules, such as proteins or nucleic acids, without the need for fluorescent or radioactive labels. Label-free array systems are becoming increasingly popular in life science research and clinical applications due to their high sensitivity, specificity, and versatility.
There are several different types of label-free array systems, but the most common ones are surface plasmon resonance (SPR), surface acoustic wave (SAW), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) sensors.
SPR sensors work by detecting changes in the refractive index of a sample solution as biomolecules bind to a sensor surface. The sensor surface is typically coated with a thin layer of metal, such as gold or silver, which supports surface plasmons that can interact with the sample solution. As biomolecules bind to the sensor surface, the refractive index of the solution changes, which can be measured in real-time and used to calculate the amount and affinity of the bound biomolecules.
SAW sensors work by measuring changes in the acoustic properties of a sensor surface as biomolecules bind to it. The sensor surface is typically coated with a layer of piezoelectric material, such as quartz, which can generate and detect acoustic waves. As biomolecules bind to the sensor surface, they alter the frequency and amplitude of the acoustic waves, which can be measured and used to calculate the amount and affinity of the bound biomolecules.
EIS sensors work by measuring changes in the electrical properties of a sensor surface as biomolecules bind to it. The sensor surface is typically coated with a layer of conducting material, such as gold or carbon, which can conduct electrical signals. As biomolecules bind to the sensor surface, they alter the electrical resistance and capacitance of the surface, which can be measured and used to calculate the amount and affinity of the bound biomolecules.
In general, label-free array systems offer several advantages over traditional labeling methods. Label-free array systems can be used to detect a wide range of biomolecules, including small molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, and cells, and can provide real-time data on binding kinetics and affinity. Label-free array systems also require less sample preparation and can be used to detect biomolecules in complex mixtures, such as serum or plasma.
However, label-free array systems also have some limitations. They can be more expensive and require more specialized equipment than traditional labeling methods. They also require careful optimization and validation to ensure accurate and reproducible results. Despite these limitations, label-free array systems are a powerful tool for studying biomolecular interactions and have significant potential for advancing life science research and clinical diagnostics.
