by Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a rare autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and damage to small and medium-sized blood vessels throughout the body, particularly in the kidneys, lungs, and skin. It is classified as a type of vasculitis, a group of diseases characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels.
MPA primarily affects adults, with an average age of onset around 50 years old. It affects both men and women equally. The cause of MPA is unknown, but it is believed to be triggered by a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors.
Symptoms of MPA can vary widely and can include:
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Fever
- Joint pain
- Muscle pain
- Skin rash
- Abdominal pain
- Blood in urine
- Cough
- Shortness of breath
The severity of symptoms can also vary widely, ranging from mild to life-threatening. MPA can cause serious complications such as kidney failure, lung disease, and nerve damage.
Diagnosis of MPA involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Blood tests can help to identify specific antibodies associated with vasculitis, while imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans can reveal inflammation in affected organs.
Treatment for MPA typically involves immunosuppressive medications such as corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, or rituximab. These medications help to suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation in affected blood vessels. In some cases, plasmapheresis (a procedure that filters the blood to remove harmful antibodies) may also be used.
While there is no cure for MPA, early diagnosis and treatment can help to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve quality of life. Ongoing monitoring and follow-up care with a healthcare provider are important to manage the disease and prevent relapse.
